Cannabinoids, Pain, and Opioid Use Reduction : The Importance of Distilling and Disseminating Existing Data Kent E. HUTCHISON, Sarah L. HAGERTY, Jeffrey GALINKIN, Angela D. BRYAN, L. Cinnamon BIDWELL Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2019, 4, (3), 158-164. Doi : 10.1089/can.2018.0052 Abstract The high prevalence of chronic pain conditions combined with an over-reliance on opioid prescriptions has resulted in an opioid epidemic and a desperate need for solutions. There is some debate about whether cannabis might play a role in addressing chronic pain conditions as well as the opioid epidemic. Recent surveys suggest that a large number of people are using cannabis as a treatment for [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoid CB2 Receptor Activation Attenuates Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression Carmen A. Zavala, Ana C. Thomaz, Vishakh Iyer, Ken Mackie, and Andrea G. Hohmann Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2021, Volume 6, Number 5, 389-400. DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0059 Abstract Introduction : Overdose fatalities associated with the opioid epidemic are predictably attributable to druginduced respiratory depression. In terms of illicit opioid abuse, fentanyl is the synthetic opioid responsible for the largest number of overdose deaths. There is, therefore, an urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutics that can attenuate fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Identification of effective alternate analgesic strategies that lessen the respiratory depression associated with narcotics would also help [...]
Lire la suiteEmerging Evidence for Cannabis’ Role in Opioid Use Disorder Beth Wiese and Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2018, Volume 3.1, 179-189. Doi : 10.1089/can.2018.0022 Abstract Introduction : The opioid epidemic has become an immense problem in North America, and despite decades of research on the most effective means to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose deaths are at an all-time high, and relapse remains pervasive. Discussion : Although there are a number of FDA-approved opioid replacement therapies and maintenance medications to help ease the severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms and aid in relapse prevention, these medications are not risk free nor are they successful [...]
Lire la suitePrescription Opioid Distribution after the Legalization of Recreational Marijuana in Colorado Amalie K. Kropp Lopez, Stephanie D. Nichols, Daniel Y. Chung, Daniel E. Kaufman, Kenneth L. McCall and Brian J. Piper International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17, 3251 doi : 10.3390/ijerph17093251 Abstract : There have been dynamic changes in prescription opioid use in the US but the state level policy factors contributing to these are incompletely understood. We examined the association between the legalization of recreational marijuana and prescription opioid distribution in Colorado. Utah and Maryland, two states that had not legalized recreational marijuana, were selected for comparison. Prescription data reported to [...]
Lire la suiteRationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis Philippe Lucas Harm Reduction Journal, 2017, 14, 58 Doi : 10.1186/s12954-017-0183-9 Abstract Background : North America is currently in the grips of a crisis rooted in the use of licit and illicit opioid-based analgesics. Drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in Canada and the US, and the growing toll of opioid-related morbidity and mortality requires a diversity of novel therapeutic and harm reduction-based interventions. Research suggests that increasing adult access to both medical and recreational cannabis has significant positive impacts on public health and safety as a result of substitution effect. Observational and [...]
Lire la suiteWhat does the ecological and epidemiological evidence indicate about the potential for cannabinoids to reduce opioid use and harms ? A comprehensive review Gabrielle Campbell, Wayne Hall and Suzanne Nielsen International Review of Psychiatry, 2018, 1-16. Doi : 10.1080/09540261.2018.1509842 ABSTRACT Pre-clinical research supports that cannabinoids reduce opioid dose requirements, but few studies have tested this in humans. This review evaluates ecological and epidemiological studies that have been cited as evidence that medical cannabis use may reduce opioid use and opioidrelated harms. Medline and Embase were searched for relevant articles. Data were extracted on study setting, analyses approach, covariates, and outcomes. Eleven ecological and 14 epidemiological [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Use Motivations among Adults Prescribed Opioids for Pain versus Opioid Addiction Selena N. Clem, Teresa L. Bigand, Marian Wilson Pain Management Nursing, 2019, 1-5. Doi : 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.06.009 a b s t r a c t Background : Cannabis has been linked to reduced opioid use, although reasons for cannabis use among adults prescribed opioids are unclear. Aims : The purpose of this study was to determine whether motivations for cannabis use differ between adults prescribed opioids for persistent pain versus those receiving opioids as medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Design : A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants : Adults prescribed opioids for persistent pain (n [...]
Lire la suiteOpioid mortality following implementation of medical marijuana programs (1999-2017) in the United States Daniel E. Kaufman, Asawer M. Nihal, Janan D. Leppo, Kelly M. Staples, Kenneth L. McCall, Brian J. Piper BioRxiv preprint, June 14, 2019. Doi : 10.1101/670059 Abstract The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic. A prior report using the Center for Disease Control’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database discovered that opioid overdoses decreased by 24.8% from 1999 to 2010 in states with medical cannabis (MC+) relative to those without (MC-). The present study evaluated any differences following MC legislation on WONDER reported opioid overdoses, [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Use and Cognition in Adults Prescribed Opioids for Persistent Pain Megan Wildes, Teresa L. Bigand, Matthew E. Layton, , Marian Wilson Pain Management Nursing, 2019, 1-6. Doi : 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.06.014 a b s t r a c t Background : Adults with persistent pain frequently report cannabis use to help manage their symptoms. The impact of cannabis use on cognition in the presence of concurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety is poorly understood. Aims : Our study explored how cannabis use affects relationships among symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognition. Design : A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. Settings : Surveys were distributed at outpatient clinics treating adults [...]
Lire la suiteImpact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability Ziva D. Cooper, Gillinder Bedi, Divya Ramesh, Rebecca Balter, Sandra D. Comer and Margaret Haney Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 0, 1–10 Doi : 10.1038/s41386-018-0011-2 Cannabinoids combined with opioids produce synergistic antinociceptive effects, decreasing the lowest effective antinociceptive opioid dose (i.e., opioid-sparing effects) in laboratory animals. Although pain patients report greater analgesia when cannabis is used with opioids, no placebo-controlled studies have assessed the direct effects of opioids combined with cannabis in humans or the impact of the combination on abuse liability. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study determined if cannabis enhances the analgesic effects [...]
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