Serotonin and brain function : a tale of two receptors RL Carhart-Harris and DJ Nutt Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2017, Vol. 31, (9), 1091–1120. Doi : 10.1177/0269881117725915 Abstract Previous attempts to identify a unified theory of brain serotonin function have largely failed to achieve consensus. In this present synthesis, we integrate previous perspectives with new and older data to create a novel bipartite model centred on the view that serotonin neurotransmission enhances two distinct adaptive responses to adversity, mediated in large part by its two most prevalent and researched brain receptors: the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. We propose that passive coping (i.e. tolerating a source of stress) [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder : a systematic review Estácio Amaro da Silva Junior, Wandersonia Moreira Brito Medeiros, Nelson Torro, João Marçal Medeiros de Sousa, Igor Bronzeado Cahino Moura de Almeida, Filipe Barbosa da Costa, Katiúscia Moreira Pontes, Eliane Lima Guerra Nunes, Marine Diniz da Rosa, Katy Lísias Gondim Dias de Albuquerque Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2021, 1-10. Doi : 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0149 Abstract Introduction : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, associated with the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Cannabis has been used to alleviate [...]
Lire la suiteTransient Stimulation with Psychoplastogens Is Sufficient to Initiate Neuronal Growth Calvin Ly, Alexandra C. Greb, Maxemiliano V. Vargas, Whitney C. Duim, Ana Cristina G. Grodzki, Pamela J. Lein, and David E. Olson ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science, 2020. doi : 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00065 ABSTRACT Cortical neuron atrophy is a hallmark of depression and includes neurite retraction, dendritic spine loss, and decreased synaptic density. Psychoplastogens, small molecules capable of rapidly promoting cortical neuron growth, have been hypothesized to produce long-lasting positive effects on behavior by rectifying these deleterious structural and functional changes. Here we demonstrate that ketamine and LSD, psychoplastogens from two structurally distinct chemical classes, promote [...]
Lire la suiteA single dose of psilocybin increases synaptic density and decreases 5-HT2A receptor density in the pig brain Nakul Ravi Raval, Annette Johansen, Lene Lundgaard Donovan, Nidia Fernandez Ros, Brice Ozenne, Hanne Demant Hansen, Gitte Moos Knudsen Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 November 2020 doi : 10.20944/preprints202011.0742.v1 Abstract : A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor (5 HT2AR) agonist, may be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanism behind its antidepressive action is unknown but could be linked to increased synaptogenesis and down-regulation of cerebral 5-HT2AR. Here, we investigate if a single psychedelic dose of psilocybin changes synaptic vesicle protein 2A [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis and synaptic reprogramming of the developing brain Anissa Bara, Jacqueline- Marie N. Ferland, Gregory Rompala, Henrietta Szutorisz and Yasmin L. Hurd Nature Reviews | Neuroscience, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00465-5 Abstract Recent years have been transformational in regard to the perception of the health risks and benefits of cannabis with increased acceptance of use. This has unintended neurodevelopmental implications given the increased use of cannabis and the potent levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol today being consumed by pregnant women, young mothers and teens. In this Review, we provide an overview of the neurobiological effects of cannabinoid exposure during prenatal/perinatal and adolescent periods, in which the endogenous cannabinoid system plays [...]
Lire la suiteChanges in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho, Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão, Raíssa Nóbrega de Almeida, Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Isaac Campos Braga, Bruno Lobão Soares, João Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira, Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris and Draulio Barros de Araujo Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2020, 1-9. DOI : 10.1177/0269881120936486 Abstract Background : Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazon brew and its potential antidepressant properties have recently been explored in scientific settings. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ayahuasca with treatment-resistant depression patients (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 45). Aims : We are evaluating the blood inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein and [...]
Lire la suitePsychedelics as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Simon Andrew Vann Jones and Allison O’Kelly Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Liskeard, United Kingdom Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, August 2020 | Volume 12 | Article 34 doi : 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00034 Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or any other dementia subtype. The renaissance in psychedelic research in recent years, in particular studies involving psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), coupled with anecdotal reports of cognitive benefits from micro-dosing, suggests that they may have a therapeutic role in a range of psychiatric and neurological conditions due to their potential to stimulate neurogenesis, provoke neuroplastic [...]
Lire la suiteAntidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: Focus on GABAergic inhibition Bernhard Luscher, Mengyang Fenga, Sarah J. Jefferson Advances in Pharmacology, 2020 doi : 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.03.002 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Molecular targets of subanesthetic ketamine and its metabolites 6 3. Insights from ketamine indicate a key role for reduced GABAergic inhibition in the pathophysiology of major depression 7 3.1 Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine is controlled by imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition 7 3.2 Chronic imbalances of neural excitation and inhibition lead to homeostatic downregulation of glutamatergic synapses that compromises normal neuronal communication 9 3.3 Chronic imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition lead to defects in GABAergic inhibition that delimit spontaneous recovery from [...]
Lire la suiteLes effets antidépresseurs de la kétamine élucidés Utilisée de longue date comme anesthésique, cette molécule vient d’être autorisée comme antidépresseur aux Etats-Unis. Par Florence Rosier Publié le 16 avril 2019 à 06h00 - https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2019/04/16/les-effets-antidepresseurs-de-la-ketamine-elucides_5450737_1650684.html La kétamine est une molécule à surprises. Et pas seulement pour ceux qui recherchent ses effets hallucinogènes en la détournant de ses applications médicales. Depuis les années 1970, elle est largement utilisée comme anesthésique à usage humain ou vétérinaire. Mais elle est aussi dotée de puissants effets antidépresseurs, découverts voici plus de vingt ans. Or, ceux-ci viennent d’être doublement reconnus : au plan réglementaire, par la toute-puissante agence américaine du médicament (FDA) ; [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoids and the Coronavirus Kevin P. Hill Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2020, Volume 5, Number 2, Doi : 10.1089/can.2020.0035 Introduction These are uncertain times as we attempt to manage our lives during the Coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic. It is not surprising, as possible treatments for Covid-19 are discussed, that people wonder about a role for cannabinoids, another topic associated with a lack of clarity about their therapeutic efficacy. Patients commonly ask clinicians about the benefits and risks of cannabinoids and now patients have begun to ask about cannabinoids as they relate to Covid-19. This interest creates an opportunity to strengthen the therapeutic alliance between patients and [...]
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