Heavy Cannabis Use, Dependence and the Brain: A Clinical Perspective KROON E., KUHNS L., HOCH E., COUSIJN J. Addictions, 2019 Aug 13. doi: 10.1111/add.14776. PMID: 31408248 Abstract AIMS : To summarize and evaluate our knowledge of the relationship between heavy cannabis use, Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), and the brain. METHODS : Narrative review of relevant literature identified through existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses and a PubMed search. Epidemiology, clinical representations, potential causal mechanisms, assessments, treatment and prognosis are discussed. RESULTS : Although causality is unclear, heavy and dependent cannabis use is consistently associated with a high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders and learning and memory impairments that seem [...]
Lire la suiteEpidemiology of adolescent Salvia divinorum use in Canada Cheryl L. Currie Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2012, 128, (1-2) DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.008 a b s t r a c t Background : Salvia divinorum is a potent, naturally occurring hallucinogen gaining popularity as a recreational drug in North America. To date, detailed epidemiologic information about the use of this substance among adolescents living outside the United States has been limited. This study provides information on the prevalence and correlates of Salvia divinorum use among adolesecents in Canada using a nationally representative sample. Methods : Data were obtained from a representative sample of 42,179 Canadian adolescents aged 12–17 years living [...]
Lire la suiteUse of Marijuana, Meth, Hallucinogens Up in New SAMHSA Survey Damian McNamara Medscape - Aug 22, 2019 Medscape Medical News © 2019 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/917131?nlid=131240_2052&src=WNL_mdplsnews_190823_mscpedit_psyc&uac=292598PZ&spon=12&impID=2070816&faf=1 Almost 1 million more Americans ages 12 or older reported using marijuana in their lifetime in 2018 than in 2017, according to new data from a national survey. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report notes that approximately 1.2 million more people reported use of hallucinogens, which include LSD, PCP, and Ecstasy, compared with 2017. In addition, about 170,000 more people used methamphetamine. Not all substance use increased year over year. For example, 187,000 fewer adolescent and adult Americans [...]
Lire la suitePrevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use in Outpatients with Serious Mental Illness Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders Jordan Skalisky, Emily Leickly, Oladunni Oluwoye, Sterling M. McPherson, Debra Srebnik, John M. Roll, Richard K. Ries, and Michael G. McDonell Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2017, 2, (1), 133-138 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0006 Abstract Introduction : People with serious mental illness (SMI) use cannabis more than any other illicit drug. Cannabis use is associated with increased psychotic symptoms and is highly comorbid with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Despite the national trend toward decriminalization, little is known about the prevalence, correlates, and impact of cannabis use on those with SMI [...]
Lire la suitePsychedelics and Mental Health : A Population Study Teri S. Krebs, Pal-Ørjan Johansen PLoS ONE, 2013, 8, (8): e63972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063972 Abstract Background : The classical serotonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocybin, mescaline are not known to cause brain damage and are regarded as non-addictive. Clinical studies do not suggest that psychedelics cause long-term mental health problems. Psychedelics have been used in the Americas for thousands of years. Over 30 million people currently living in the US have used LSD, psilocybin, or mescaline. Objective : To evaluate the association between the lifetime use of psychedelics and current mental health in the adult population. Method : Data drawn from years 2001 [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Use in Pregnancy. A Tale of 2 Concerns Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH1,2; Elizabeth A. Howell, MD, MPH3; Barry Zuckerman, MD1 JAMA. Published online June 18, 2019. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8860 Original Investigation Association Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes Daniel J. Corsi, PhD; Laura Walsh, MSc; Deborah Weiss, PhD; Helen Hsu, MD; Darine El-Chaar, MD; Steven Hawken, PhD; Deshayne B. Fell, PhD; Mark Walker, MD Research Letter Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States Nora D. Volkow, MD; Beth Han, MD, PhD, MPH; Wilson M. Compton, MD, MPE; Elinore F. McCance-Katz, MD, PhD Full Text, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2736581 In an article in JAMA, Corsi and colleagues1 present the results of a retrospective cohort study of 661 617 women designed to assess associations between maternal cannabis use during pregnancy and adverse obstetrical and [...]
Lire la suiteRESEARCH LETTER Self-reported Medical and Non-medical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States JAMA, Published online June 18, 2019. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.7982 Cannabis use increased among pregnantwomenin the United States from2002 to 2014.1 However, changes in cannabis use and frequency by trimester over time and national prevalence of medical cannabis use during pregnancy are unknown. Data fromtheNational Survey on Drug Use andHealth (NSDUH) were examined to address these knowledge gaps. Methods : Data were from women aged 12 to 44 years who participated in the 2002-2017 NSDUH, a representative survey of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population.2 Collection of NSDUH data was approved [...]
Lire la suiteAssociation Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes Daniel J. Corsi, PhD; LauraWalsh, MSc; DeborahWeiss, PhD; Helen Hsu, MD; Darine El-Chaar, MD; Steven Hawken, PhD; Deshayne B. Fell, PhD; MarkWalker,MD JAMA, Published online June 18, 2019. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8734 Key Points Question Is there an association between prenatal cannabis exposure and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes? Findings In this retrospective cohort study that included 661 617 pregnancies and 9427 reported cannabis users, the rate of preterm birth among reported cannabis users was 12% vs 6% in nonusers, a statistically significant difference. Meaning Reported cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with significant increases in the rate of preterm [...]
Lire la suiteMarijuana and fertility Sara Ilnitsky MD, Stan Van Uum MD Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2019 June 10, 191, 23, E638. doi : 10.1503/cmaj.181577 CMAJ Podcasts: author interview at https://soundcloud.com/cmajpodcasts/181577-five 1 Tetrahydrocannabinol acts on the endocannabinoid system, which is ubiquitous in reproductive tissues Tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana, is a lipophilic compound with a prolonged half-life of 20–36 hours.1 Tetrahydrocannabinol activates the cannabinoid receptors, which are part of the endogenous endocannabinoid system. This system is found in the hypothalamus, pituitary and internal reproductive organs in both sexes.2,3 2 Marijuana use can decrease sperm count Smoking marijuana more than once weekly in the preceding 3 months (n = 130/1215) [...]
Lire la suiteMeasuring Disturbance of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychosis. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Amedeo Minichino, MD1; Morwenna Senior, MD1; Natascia Brondino, PhD2; et al Sam H Zhang, BA1; Beata R Godwlewska, PhD1; Philip W.J Burnet, PhD1; Andrea Cipriani, PhD1,3; Belinda R. Lennox, DM1 JAMA Psychiatry, Published online June 5, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0970 Editorial : Pathophysiology of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Schizophrenia David W. Volk, MD, PhD; David A. Lewis, MD Question Is the endocannabinoid system abnormal in people with psychosis? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies, a higher tone of the endocannabinoid system was observed in people with psychosis, a finding that was consistent across all stages of illness and independent of antipsychotic treatment and current cannabis use. This increased tone was [...]
Lire la suite