Endocannabinoid System Aleksandra Tarasiuka, Maciej Salagaa, and Jakub Fichna, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology, 2nd Edition © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65635-0   Introduction 1 Cannabinoids and Their Role in the Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes in the GI Tract 3 Physiological Conditions 3 Gut motility 3 Gastric secretion and emptying 3 Pathophysiological Conditions 4 IBS 4 IBD 5 Colon cancer 5 Peptic ulcer disease 5 Endocannabinoid System and Its Interplay With Other Systems 5 Cholecystokinin 5 Endovanilloids 6 Opioids 6 Endocannabinoid System and Gut Microbiota 6 Conclusion 7 Acknowledgments 7 References Introduction Endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the crucial physiological systems that may be targeted to improve human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are localized in various organs [...]