The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain Ethan B. Russo Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, Volume 9, Article 1969, 1-8. Doi : 10.3389/fpls.2018.01969 The topic of Cannabis curries controversy in every sphere of influence, whether politics, pharmacology, applied therapeutics or even botanical taxonomy. Debate as to the speciation of Cannabis, or a lack thereof, has swirled for more than 250 years. Because all Cannabis types are eminently capable of cross-breeding to produce fertile progeny, it is unlikely that any clear winner will emerge between the “lumpers” vs. “splitters” in this taxonomical debate. This is compounded [...]
Lire la suiteThe Genetic Structure of Marijuana and Hemp Jason Sawler, Jake M. Stout, Kyle M. Gardner, Darryl Hudson, John Vidmar, Laura Butler, Jonathan E. Page, Sean Myles PLoS ONE, 2015, 10, (8), e0133292. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0133292 Abstract Despite its cultivation as a source of food, fibre and medicine, and its global status as the most used illicit drug, the genus Cannabis has an inconclusive taxonomic organization and evolutionary history. Drug types of Cannabis (marijuana), which contain high amounts of the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are used for medical purposes and as a recreational drug. Hemp types are grown for the production of seed and fibre, and contain [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Domestication, Breeding History, Present-day Genetic Diversity, and Future Prospects Robert C. Clarke and Mark D. Merlin CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES, 2016, VOL. 35, NOS. 5–6, 293–327 Doi : 10.1080/07352689.2016.1267498 ABSTRACT Humans and the Cannabis plant share an intimate history spanning millennia. Humans spread Cannabis from its Eurasian homelands throughout much of the world, and, in concert with local climatic and human cultural parameters, created traditional landrace varieties (cultivars resulting from a combination of natural and farmer selection) with few apparent signs of domestication. Cannabis breeders combined populations from widely divergent geographical regions and gene pools to develop economically valuable fiber, seed, and drug cultivars, [...]
Lire la suiteGenomic and Chemical Diversity in Cannabis Ryan C. Lyncha,e, Daniela Vergaraa, Silas Tittesa, Kristin Whitea, C. J. Schwartzb, Matthew J. Gibbsb, Travis C. Ruthenburgc,d, Kymron deCesarec, Donald P. Landc, and Nolan C. Kanea CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES, 2016, VOL. 35, NOS. 5–6, 349–363 Doi : 10.1080/07352689.2016.1265363 ABSTRACT Plants of the Cannabis genus are the only prolific producers of phytocannabinoids, compounds that strongly interact with the evolutionarily ancient endocannabinoid receptors shared by most bilaterian taxa. For millennia, the plant has been cultivated not only for these compounds, but also for food, rope, paper, and clothing. Today, specialized varieties yielding high-quality textile fibers, nutritional seed oil, or high cannabinoid [...]
Lire la suiteThat which we call Indica, by any other name would smell as sweet. An essay on the history of the term Indica and the taxonomical conflict between the monotypic and polytypic views of Cannabis Jacob L. Erkelens, Arno Hazekamp Bedrocan BV, The Netherlands Cannabinoids, 2014, 9, (1), 9-15. What’s in a name ? An interesting feature of the worldwide subculture devoted to cannabis is the endless number of names given to its preparations (marijuana, pot, weed, kiff, bhang..). On top of that, there is a continuously grow-ing list of names used to describe different varieties and strains of the cannabis plant. As a result of [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis species and cannabinoid concentration preference among sleep-disturbed medicinal cannabis users Katherine A. Belendiuk, Kimberly A. Babson, Ryan Vandrey, Marcel O. Bonn-Miller Addictive Behaviors, 2015, 50, 178–181 doi : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.032 a b s t r a c t Introduction : Individuals report using cannabis for the promotion of sleep, and the effects of cannabis on sleep may vary by cannabis species. Little research has documented preferences for particular cannabis types or cannabinoid concentrations as a function of use for sleep disturbances. Methods : 163 adults purchasing medical cannabis for a physical or mental health condition at a cannabis dispensary were recruited. They provided self-report of (a)whether [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis Systematics at the Levels of Family, Genus, and Species John M. McPartland Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2018, Volume 3.1, 203- Doi : 10.1089/can.2018.0039 Abstract New concepts are reviewed in Cannabis systematics, including phylogenetics and nomenclature. The family Cannabaceae now includes Cannabis, Humulus, and eight genera formerly in the Celtidaceae. Grouping Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis actually goes back 250 years. Print fossil of the extinct genus Dorofeevia (=Humularia) reveals that Cannabis lost a sibling perhaps 20 million years ago (mya). Cannabis print fossils are rare (n = 3 worldwide), making it difficult to determine when and where she evolved. A molecular clock analysis with chloroplast [...]
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