Marijuana and the Cannabinoids
Edited by Mahmoud A. ElSohly, PhD,
Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA, 2007
www.humanapress.com
1. Cannabinoids. I. ElSohly, Mahmoud A. II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Cannabinoids. 2. Cannabis. QV 77.7 M33515 2006]
QP801.C27M355 2006
615′.7827–dc22
333 pages,
Preface
Although primarily used today as one of the most prevalent illicit leisure drugs, the use of Cannabis sativa L., commonly referred to as marijuana, for medicinal purposes has been reported for more than 5000 years. Marijuana use has been shown to create numerous health problems, and, consequently, the expanding use beyond medical purposes into recreational use (abuse) resulted in control of the drug through international treaties.
Much research has been carried out over the past few decades following the identification of the chemical structure of THC in 1964. The purpose of Marijuana and the Cannabinoids is to present in a single volume the comprehensive knowledge and experience of renowned researchers and scientists. Each chapter is written independently by an expert in his/her field of endeavor, ranging from the botany, the constituents, the chemistry and pharmacokinetics, the effects and consequences of illicit use on the human body, to the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoids.
Mahmoud A. ElSohly, PhD
Contents
Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………………. v
Contributors ………………………………………………………………………………………… ix
CHAPTER 1
Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medicines
Robert C. Clarke and David P. Watson ………………………………………………………. 1
CHAPTER 2
Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids
and Other Cannabis Constituents
Rudolf Brenneisen…………………………………………………………………………………… 17
CHAPTER 3
Chemical Fingerprinting of Cannabis as a Means of Source Identification
Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Donald F. Stanford,
and Timothy P. Murphy …………………………………………………………………………. 51
CHAPTER 4
Marijuana Smoke Condensate: Chemistry and Pharmacology
Hala N. ElSohly and Mahmoud A. ElSohly ……………………………………………… 67
CHAPTER 5
Pharmacology of Cannabinoids
Lionel P. Raymon and H. Chip Walls ………………………………………………………. 97
CHAPTER 6
The Endocannabinoid System and the Therapeutic Potential
of Cannabinoids
Billy R. Martin ………………………………………………………………………………………. 125
CHAPTER 7
Immunoassays for the Detection of Cannabis Abuse:
Technologies, Development Strategies, and Multilevel Applications
Jane S-C. Tsai ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
CHAPTER 8
Mass Spectrometric Methods for Determination
of Cannabinoids in Physiological Specimens
Rodger L. Foltz ……………………………………………………………………………………… 179
CHAPTER 9
Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics and Interpretation
of Cannabinoid Concentrations in Biological Fluids and Tissues
Marilyn A. Huestis and Michael L. Smith ………………………………………………. 205
CHAPTER 10
Medical and Health Consequences of Marijuana
Jag H. Khalsa ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 237
CHAPTER 11
Effects of Marijuana on the Lung and Immune Defenses
Donald P. Tashkin and Michael D. Roth ………………………………………………… 253
CHAPTER 12
Marijuana and Driving Impairment
Barry K. Logan ……………………………………………………………………………………… 277
CHAPTER 13
Postmortem Considerations
Steven B. Karch …………………………………………………………………………………….. 295
CHAPTER 14
Cannabinoid Effects on Biopsychological, Neuropsychiatric,
and Neurological Processes
Richard E. Musty …………………………………………………………………………………… 303
Index …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 317