Potential combinations of endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like compounds and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mark Feldman, Reem Smoum, Raphael Mechoulam, Doron Steinberg PLoS One, April 15, 2020, 1-13. Doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0231583 Abstract Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have reached epidemic proportions globally. Our previous study showed antimicrobial effects of anandamide (AEA) and arachidonoyl serine (AraS) against methicillin (MET)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, proposing the therapeutic potential of these endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like (EC/EC-like) agents for the treatment of MRSA. Here, we investigated the potential synergism of combinations of AEA and AraS with different types of antibiotics against MRSA grown under planktonic growth or biofilm formation. The most effective [...]
Lire la suiteConfinement et prise de psychotropes : ce que nous apprend la guerre du Vietnam Benjamin ROLLAND, Julia de TERNAY The Conversation, 22 avril 2020 https://theconversation.com/confinement-et-prise-de-psychotropes-ce-que-nous-apprend-la-guerre-du-vietnam-136364 Les situations de confinement tel que ce que nous vivons depuis plus d’un mois déséquilibrent, de manière souvent brutale, les rituels de vie et les relations sociales. Or, les consommations de substances addictives dépendent de l’équilibre dynamique permanent qui existe entre un sujet et son environnement. Beaucoup se demandent donc quel sera l’impact du confinement sur les consommations d’alcool, de tabac, ou d’autres drogues, dans la population française en générale, mais aussi chez les sujets les plus vulnérables, qui ont, [...]
Lire la suitePrevalence of Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms Among People With Regular or Dependent Use of Cannabinoids. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Anees Bahji, MD; Callum Stephenson; Richard Tyo, BSocSc, RP; Emily R. Hawken, MSc, PhD; Dallas P. Seitz, MD, PhD JAMA Network Open, 2020, 3, (4), e202370. doi : 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2370 Abstract IMPORTANCE : Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS)—a diagnostic indicator of cannabis use disorder—commonly occurs on cessation of heavy and prolonged cannabis use. To date, the prevalence of CWS syndrome has not been well described, nor have the factors potentially associated with CWS. OBJECTIVES : To estimate the prevalence of CWS among individuals with regular or dependent use of [...]
Lire la suiteDynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems Morten L. Kringelbach, Josephine Cruzat, Joana Cabral, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Robin Carhart-Harris, Peter C. Whybrow Nikos K. Logothetis, and Gustavo Deco PNAS, 2020, 1-11 doi : 10.1073/pnas.1921475117 Remarkable progress has come from whole-brain models linking anatomy and function. Paradoxically, it is not clear how a neuronal dynamical system running in the fixed human anatomical connectome can give rise to the rich changes in the functional repertoire associated with human brain function, which is impossible to explain through long-term plasticity. Neuromodulation evolved to allow for such flexibility by dynamically updating the effectivity of the fixed anatomical connectivity. [...]
Lire la suiteLa classification des substances psychoactives. Lorsque la science n’est pas écoutée Commission Globale de Politique en Matière de Drogues Rapport 2019 Sommaire Avant-propos................................................................................................................................ 3 Résumé......................................................................................................................................... 4 Classification des drogues : science ou idéologie?....................................................................... 7 Le système international de classification.................................................................................. 13 Histoire du régime mondial de contrôle des drogues................................................................. 13 Les incohérences corrompent le système actuel......................................................................... 16 Défaut d’équilibre : l’accès aux médicaments sous contrôle....................................................... 19 Recommandation......................................................................................................................... 21 Les enseignements des marchés (semi-)légaux.......................................................................... 25 Les plantes psychoactives non-classées...................................................................................... 25 La régulation légale du cannabis................................................................................................. 26 Les nouvelles substances psychoactives...................................................................................... 27 Recommandation......................................................................................................................... 29 Difficultés et options de réforme................................................................................................. 31 Améliorer le système actuel......................................................................................................... 31 Une échelle rationnelle des risques............................................................................................. 33 Redonner de la flexibilité nationale pour la régulation légale.................................................... 35 Recommandation........................................................................................................................ 37 Observations finales.................................................................................................................... [...]
Lire la suiteThe Broad Concept of “Spasticity- Plus Syndrome” in Multiple Sclerosis : A Possible New Concept in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Óscar Fernández, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Marisa Martínez-Ginés, Paloma Montero, José Maria Prieto and Lluis Ramió Frontiers in Neurology , 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 152 doi : 10.3389/fneur.2020.00152 Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology progressively affects multiple central nervous system (CNS) areas. Due to this fact, MS produces a wide array of symptoms. Symptomatic therapy of one MS symptom can cause or worsen other unwanted symptoms (anticholinergics used for bladder dysfunction produce impairment of cognition, many MS drugs produce erectile dysfunction, etc.). Appropriate symptomatic [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinol inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer cells Nuanying ZHONG, Thesis, Master of Science in Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Research Repository, Canada 2020 https://hdl.handle.net/10133/5697 ABSTRACT Cannabis sativa is an agriculturally and medicinally plant with many pharmaceutical properties. Cancer is a deadly disease; it is estimated that it will cause over 80 thousand deaths in 2019 in Canada. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids have anti-tumorous properties in various cancers, the anti-malignant activities of cannabinol (CBN) on carcinogenesis and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we [...]
Lire la suiteTerpenoids From Cannabis Do Not Mediate an Entourage Effect by Acting at Cannabinoid Receptors David B. Finlay, Kathleen J. Sircombe, Mhairi Nimick, Callum Jones and Michelle Glass Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, Volume 11, Article 359, 1-9. doi : 10.3389/fphar.2020.00359 The entourage effect was a proposed explanation for biological observations that endocannabinoid ligand activities can be modified by other lipids released from cells at the same time. An increasing volume of anecdotal reports and interest in the plant have provoked research into the activity of minor chemical constituents of the plant—including volatile terpenoids such as myrcene, a- and b- pinene, b-caryophyllene, and limonene. However, to [...]
Lire la suiteCBD Reverts the Mesenchymal Invasive Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells Induced by the Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1 Lázaro García-Morales, Aída M Castillo, José Tapia Ramírez, Horacio Zamudio-Meza, Ma del Carmen Domínguez-Robles and Isaura Meza International Journal of Molecular Science, 2020, 21, 2429 doi : 10.3390/ijms21072429 Abstract : Cannabidiol (CBD) has been used to treat a variety of cancers and inflammatory conditions with controversial results. In previous work, we have shown that breast cancer MCF-7 cells, selected by their response to inflammatory IL-1 cytokine, acquire a malignant phenotype (6D cells) through an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).We evaluated CBD as a potential inhibitor of this transition and inducer of [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoids Rescue Cocaine-Induced Seizures by Restoring Brain Glycine Receptor Dysfunction Guichang Zou, Xin Zuo, Kai Chen, ..., Guangming Huang, Dan Liu, Wei Xiong Cell Reports, 2020, 30, 4209–4219 Doi : 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.106 In Brief Zou et al. identify the glycine receptor as a potential therapeutic target for cannabinoids in treating cocaine-induced seizures. The function of extra-synaptic glycine receptors in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is impaired by cocaine and rescued by cannabinoids, therefore leading to the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in treating cocaine-induced seizures. Highlights Cannabinoids alleviate cocaine-induced seizures (CISs) by glycine receptors (GlyRs) Cannabinoid docking reduces hydrogen-bonding interaction between cocaine and GlyRs The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus [...]
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