Comparison of the behavioral effects of mescaline analogs using the head twitch response in mice Adam L. Halberstadt, Muhammad Chatha, Stephen J. Chapman and Simon D. Brandt Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2019, 1 –9 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119826610 journals.sagepub.com/home/jop Abstract Background : In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in the effects and pharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. While a large amount of experimental work has been conducted to characterize the behavioral response to hallucinogens in rodents, there has been little systematic investigation of mescaline and its analogs. The hallucinogenic potency of mescaline is increased by α-methylation and by homologation of the 4-methoxy group but it not clear [...]
Lire la suiteCANNABIS PEER REVIEW 1964-2016 Over 650 Peer Reviewed Reports & Studies On Cannabis A Free Jeff Prager Publication Health benefits, cancer fighting qualities and many other medicinal advantages can be attributed to the Cannabis Plant. Likewise, diseases and disorders are also related to smoking, vaping and ingesting components of the Cannabis Plant. Cannabis users should be aware and well informed regarding both the positive effects and the negative consequences of regular Cannabis use and this eBook accomplishes that goal by employing over 400 current peer reviewed reports and studies—their findings— with active hyper links to each report. A Free Jeff Prager No-Copyright Publication for [...]
Lire la suiteThe Divergent Effects of CDPPB and Cannabidiol on Fear Extinction and Anxiety in a Predator Scent Stress Model of PTSD in Rats John Shallcross, Peter Hámor, Allison R. Bechard, Madison Romano, Lori Knackstedt and Marek Schwendt Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, May 2019 | Volume 13 | Article 91 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00091 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) currently has no FDA-approved treatments that reduce symptoms in the majority of patients. The ability to extinguish fear memory associations is impaired in PTSD individuals. As such, the development of extinction-enhancing pharmacological agents to be used in combination with exposure therapies may benefit the treatment of [...]
Lire la suiteFamilial abnormalities of endocannabinoid signaling in schizophrenia Dagmar Koethe, Franziska Pahlisch, Martin Hellmich , Cathrin Rohleder , Juliane K. Mueller, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg , E. Fuller Torrey, Daniele Piomelli and F. Markus Leweke, THE WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2018.1449966 ABSTRACT Objectives : Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system plays a pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. This is reflected by elevated cerebrospinal levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide in schizophrenia and its initial prodromal states. Methods : We analyzed plasma concentrations of anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide from 25 twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia, six discordant for bipolar disorder and eight healthy twin pairs to [...]
Lire la suiteMedical Cannabis : Effects on Opioid and Benzodiazepine Requirements for Pain Control. Megan O’Connell, PharmD, Megan Sandgren, PharmD, MS, BCPS, Leah Frantzen, PharmD, BCPS, Erika Bower, PharmD, BCACP, Brian Erickson, MD Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2019 May 25:1060028019854221. doi: 10.1177/1060028019854221. PMID : 31129977 Abstract BACKGROUND : There is currently little evidence regarding the use of medical cannabis for the treatment of intractable pain. Literature published on the subject to date has yielded mixed results concerning the efficacy of medical cannabis and has been limited by study design and regulatory issues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if the use of medical [...]
Lire la suiteBrain Imaging Studies on the Cognitive, Pharmacological and Neurobiological Effects of Cannabis in Humans : Evidence from Studies of Adult Users. Aviv Weinstein, Abigail Livny, Abraham Weizman. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016, 22, 42, 6366-6379. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160822151323. PMID : 27549374 Abstract Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. Regular cannabis use has been associated with a range of acute and chronic mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive impairments and their neural mechanisms need to be examined. This review summarizes and critically evaluates brain-imaging studies of cannabis in recreational and regular cannabis users between January 2000 and January 2016. The [...]
Lire la suiteAwareness of Emotional Expressions in Cannabis Users : An Event-Related Potential Study Robert D. Torrence, Donald C. Rojas and Lucy J. Troup Frontiers in Psychology, February 2019 | Volume 10 | Article 69 ORIGINAL RESEARCH doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00069 Abstract Cannabis use has been associated with anxiogenic effects when used in low frequency for a short duration, but cannabis can also have anxiogenic effects when used heavily for a long duration. Animal studies have indicated the neurobiological mechanisms related to cannabis and anxiety; however, research has been limited on the related neurocognitive mechanisms. Previous research has indicated that cannabis use is associated with alterations in event-related potentials (ERPs). [...]
Lire la suiteCannabinoid Modulation of Functional Connectivity within Regions Processing Attentional Salience Sagnik Bhattacharyya, Irina Falkenberg, Rocio Martin-Santos, Zerrin Atakan1, Jose A Crippa, Vincent Giampietro, Mick Brammer and Philip McGuire Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, 40, 1343–1352 2015 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved 0893-133X/15 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org doi:10.1038/npp.2014.258 Abstract There is now considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that psychotic symptoms are the result of abnormal salience attribution, and that the attribution of salience is largely mediated through the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the hippocampus. Although these areas show differential activation under the influence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the two major derivatives of cannabis sativa, little is known about [...]
Lire la suiteThe Role of Cannabinoids in Neuroanatomic Alterations in Cannabis Users Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, and Murat Yücel Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 79:e17-e31 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.013 ABSTRACT The past few decades have seen a marked change in the composition of commonly smoked cannabis. These changes primarily involve an increase of the psychoactive compound Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a decrease of the potentially therapeutic compound cannabidiol (CBD). This altered composition of cannabis may be linked to persistent neuroanatomic alterations typically seen in regular cannabis users. In this review, we summarize recent findings from human structural neuroimaging investigations. We examine whether neuroanatomic alterations are 1) consistently observed in samples of regular cannabis [...]
Lire la suiteCannabis-induced altered states of consciousness are associated with specific dynamic brain connectivity states Zaytseva Y; Horáček J; Hlinka J; Fajnerová I; Androvičová R; Tintěra J; Salvi V; Balíková M; Hložek T; Španiel F; Páleníček T Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2019, 33, 7, 811-821 Research Article doi: 10.1177/0269881119849814. Abstract : Background : Cannabis, and specifically one of its active compounds delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in recreational doses, has a variety of effects on cognitive processes. Most studies employ resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess the stationary effects of cannabis and to-date one report addressed the impact of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dynamics of whole-brain functional connectivity. Methods : Using a [...]
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